Though details remain limited, the Houthis got worryingly close to downing a U.S. F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, and reportedly several American F-16 Vipers, during a surge in airstrikes on targets in Yemen this spring. Houthi air defense capabilities are largely rudimentary, but this also makes them a unique and vexing challenge for American combat aircraft. Made up of mainly mobile systems, they can appear virtually anywhere, disrupting carefully laid mission plans. Many of them are also improvised, leveraging non-traditional passive infrared sensors and jury-rigged air-to-air missiles that provide little to no early warning of a threat, let alone an incoming attack.
“The Houthis and the Iranians went electro-optical, because it is a completely passive system, It’s hard to hunt those things down because they don’t really have any signature before launch.”
Mobile systems, including the 2K12/SA-6, are understood to make up the majority of the Houthis’ air defense capabilities, making it easier for them to ‘pop up’ suddenly in unexpected locations, which presents even more challenges. In addition, this makes it more difficult to target them proactively and plan the most effective and safest mission routes. For the F-35, this reduces the advantages the stealthy jet otherwise has, in part thanks to advanced mission planning support used to devise optimal routes based on detailed data about hostile defenses and other recent intelligence, while also taking into account the aircraft’s signature, defensive capabilities, and more. All of these elements are factored into a ‘blue line’ route that is calculated as the best path for survivability and overall mission success. This route will have lower efficacy when road-mobile surface-to-air missiles and improvised infrared threat systems are present.
twz.com