Was researching ancient empires lately (worldbuilding for a story I have in mind), and to my surprise, the Ottoman Empire, in its golden age really turns out to be among the very best empires of history (along with the Romans, Byzantines, Chinese and Achaemenids).
Hear me out. The Ottoman Empire:
-promoted high-culture, scholarship and science
-brought order, prosperity and peace to the chaos & degeneracy of the late-Byzantine empire in the lands they ruled.
-effectively managed the internal ethnic strife they inherited (see the Millet system)
-were know for their diplomacy, and respected treaties & alliances far better than any empire since the Roman Empire, and better than any empire since.
Apart from the religious undertones, why is the Ottoman Empire, AS A SYSTEM, not recognized as one of the best in history? Perhaps, it is no accident that Frank Herbert, in Dune uses the title "Padishah Emperor" (an Ottoman title) in his galactic empire?
In my research 3 empires stand-out as the most effective: Roman, Ottoman, & Chinese; with the Byzantine & Achaemenid close behind?
If you had to choose, which imperial SYSTEM, aside for religion, would you favor for a strong, stable and prosperous future for humanity?
btw, picrel is Mihrimah Sultan, daughter of Suleiman the Magnificent and Ottoman princess, from a vid by Equator AI.