The Lost Cause of the Confederacy, known simply as the Lost Cause, is an American pseudohistorical[1][2] and historical negationist myth[3][4][5] that argues the cause of the Confederate States during the American Civil War was just, heroic, and not centered on slavery.[6][7] First articulated in 1866, it has continued to influence racism, gender roles, and religious attitudes in the Southern United States into the 21st century.[8][9]
Beyond forced unpaid labor and denial of freedom to leave the slaveholder, the treatment of slaves in the United States often included sexual abuse and rape, the denial of education, and punishments such as whippings. Enslaved families were often split and sold apart, usually estranged forever.[10] Lost Cause proponents ignore these realities, presenting slavery as a positive good and denying that alleviation of the conditions of slavery was the central cause of the American Civil War.[11] Instead, Lost Cause proponents frame the war as a defense of states' rights and of the Southern agrarian economy against supposed Northern aggression.[12][13][14] Lost Cause proponents attribute the Union victory to greater numbers and greater industrial wealth, while they portray the Confederate side of the conflict as being more righteous and having greater military skill.[11] Modern historians overwhelmingly disagree with these characterizations, noting that the central cause of the war was slavery.[15][16][17]