Crucifixion was the epitome of degradation, reserved for the lowest classes (slaves, bandits, non-citizens). Cicero called it “the most cruel and disgusting penalty,” unfit for Roman citizens. The process—public flogging, carrying the cross, prolonged agony—was meant to strip dignity and deter rebellion.
Jesus’ death by crucifixion would have signaled to Romans that he was a criminal or subversive, unworthy of respect. His apparent powerlessness—unable to resist arrest or execution—would align with weakness and failure in Roman eyes. The mocking inscription “King of the Jews” further humiliated him, framing him as a failed rebel against Roman authority.
By Roman standards, Jesus’ submission to crucifixion, without fighting back or asserting dominance, would likely be seen as pathetic and weak. His cry of “My God, why have you forsaken me?” could be interpreted as emotional frailty, contrary to Stoic ideals of composure.
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