A trade deficit means that one country is buying more goods than the other.
That is all it means.
Now there can be multiple reasons for why that is the case, but none of those can generally be applied for all cases where there is a trade deficit.
For example, lets say there is a country that is filled with natural resources but sparsely populated. They export a lot of their fossilized bird poop, oil, rare earth minerals or whatever to economies that need them.
The trade deficit is big, they are selling off billions worth of resources cheaper than anyone else can provide them but the small population means little goods are coming back, except for small amounts of canned goods and building materials.
Would it be smart for an economy to tariff the hell out of those critical resources their economy needs?
When looking at China on the other hand, yea they are doing all sorts of trickery. But that isn't something you can look at just by looking at the trade deficit.
As far as the EU goes, yes the EU has some protectionist policies going on. As well as a valid criticism of some EU regulations that make it hard to import, but the same thing can be said for US eggs for example. The EU can't export their eggs to the US because they are not processed correctly.
Another example, the EU banning chlorinated chicken meat, is that just a quality standard or something intended to keep US chickens out of the EU market. Maybe a little bit of both.
However it's obvious that these numbers posted by the Trump admin are about the trade deficit, and not about protectionism done by other countries.